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Chapter l: Introduction to Cross-Connection Control

Chapter I: Introduction to Cross-Connection Control

Introduction

What are Cross-Connections?

What is Backflow?

Hydraulic Principles of Backflow

Hydraulic Principles of Back Siphonage

Hydraulic Principles of Back Pressure

Summary

Chapter 2: History, Health & Legal Aspects

Introduction

Examples of Backflow Incidents

Health Hazards of Cross-Connections

The Multi-Barrier Approach

Legal Liabilty Associated with Cross-Connection Control(2)

Jurisdictional Responsibilities

Plumbing Code Compliance in Canada

Summary

Chapter 3: Determining Risk Factors & Selecting Appropriate Backflow Protection

Introduction

Determining Risk Factors

Backflow Prevention Methods and Devices

Selecting the Correct Type of Backflow Preventer

Summary

Chapter 4: Backflow Preventers

Introduction

Air Gap

Reduced Pressure Principle & Reduced Pressure Principle Detector

Double Check Valve Assembly & Double Check Detector Assembly

Pressure Vacuum Breaker & Spill Resistant Pressure Vacuum Breaker

Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker

Air Space Type Vacuum Breaker

Hose Connection Vacuum Breaker & Hose Connection Dual Check Vacuum Breaker

Laboratory Faucet Vacuum Breaker

Dual Check with Atmospheric Port

Dual Check Valve with Atmospheric Port for Carbonators

Dual Check Valve with Intermediate Vent

Dual Check Valve

Single Check Valve Assembly for Fire Systems

Barometric Loop

Water-using Equipment with Built-in Backflow Protection

Chapter 5: General Backflow Preventer Installation Requirements

Introduction

General Installation Requirements

General Installation Guidelines

Services That Require Year-Round Operation

Services That Are Shut Off During Winter

Summary

Chapter 6: Application of Backflow Prevention Procedures

The Location of Backflow Protection

Introduction

Fixture Hazard Classification Guide

Premises Isolation Hazard Classification Guide

Typical Facilities Where Premises Isolation is Required

Typical Facilities Where Premises Isolation is Recommended

Typical Systems Where Internal Protection is Required

Municipal Application (Typical Distribution System Hazards)

Guide to Conducting a Cross-Connection Control Premises Survey

Summary

Chapter 7: Maintenance, Testing & Troubleshooting

Introduction

Tester Training and Certification

Testing Equipment

Maintenance, Repair and Testing Guidelines

Testing Procedures of Testable Backflow Preventers

Chapter 8. Developing a Cross-Connection Control Program

Purpose of a Cross-Connection Control Program

Types of Programs

Program Administration

Elements of a Cross-Connection Control Program

Safety

Summary

Appendices

Appendix A: References & Resources

Appendix B: Administrative Procedures of National Certification Program in Canada

Appendix C: Backflow Prevention Test Report Form Examples

Appendix D: Backflow Prevention Test Tag Example

Appendix E: Condensed Test Procedures

Appendix F: Accuracy Verification for Test Equipment

Appendix G: Cross-Connection Survey Report Form Example

Appendix H: Backflow Incident Report Form

Appendix I: Overview of the Elements of a Cross-Connection Control Program for Small Systems

Appendix J: Symbols

RP Tests

Test #1 RP- Relief Valve

Test #2 RP-Reverse on CV#2

Test #3 RP-Diff on CV#1

Test #4 RP-Static Line

Test #5 RP-Diff on CV#2 (Method 1)

Test #5 RP-Diff on CV#2 (Method 2)

PVB Tests

Test #1 -Air inlet valve

Test #2 -Push a pound on CV#1

Test #3 -Static Pressure

Test #4 -Diff on CV#1

Complete Tests

DCVA Tests

Test #1 -Diff and Push a Pound on CV#1

Test #2 -Diff and Push a Pound on CV#2

Test #3 -Static Line

Complete Tests

Examples of Backflow Incidents

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AWWA Canadian Cross-Connection Course

Examples of Backflow Incidents